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William Parkhurst Winans (January 28, 1836–1917) was crucial for the development of parts of Eastern Washington, particularly Stevens County, Walla Walla, and Fort Colville. He founded Farmer’s Savings Bank, and was the president until he died in 1917. He was also a member of the board of directors of First National Bank. In addition to his involvement with the bank system, Winans was a clerk in several locations throughout the region, and so is personally responsible for the majority of the records of the Colville Indians and others in the region, as well as the records of the financial dealings in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. Winans played an important role in keeping records of Indians because he was named Industrial Instructor for Indians in 1869 and Superintendent of Indian Affairs in 1870. In addition to those offices, Winans took multiple censuses of Indian populations, including the Okanagans, Calispels, San Poils, Nespelems, Senijexsees, Wenatchees, Isle d'Pierres, Mishouies, Spokanes, and the Swielpees. He was a historian himself, and wrote several histories of the region, including a book, Stevens County, Washington, its creation, addition, subtraction and division. Several of his works were given to institutions such as Harvard University and Washington State University. Eastern Washington, particularly Stevens County and Walla Walla, would not be the same if William Parkhurst Winans had not been there with his business and record-keeping skills. As the Old Walla Walla County, Washington records, “No history of Walla Walla would be complete without extended reference to William Parkhurst Winans, who was an octogenarian at the time of his demise. He had long been identified with the northwest, and his life was one of great usefulness and activity.” By the end of his life, Winans was an essential part of the Walla Walla community due to his hard work and involvement in the fields of business, education, Indian affairs, and the church. ==Biography== William Parkhurst Winans was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey on January 28, 1836. He was one of eight children born to Jonas Wood Winans and Sarah Stiles. Winans arrived in Umatilla River, Oregon in September 1859, and he worked as a warehouseman and a school teacher there until 1861. In July of that year, Winans headed north from Oregon to Fort Colville in Washington. There, he was appointed deputy auditor of Spokane County. The following year he was promoted from deputy auditor to auditor. It was during his time in Colville that Winans began involvement in business in addition to his positions in government. He opened a small general store in Colville with the money he had made in government. His next government appointment was as the clerk for the United States district court which included Spokane County and Missoula County. His first elected government position was in 1866 as superintendent of schools in Spokane County. He represented Stevens County in meetings of the Washington Territorial Legislature in 1867, 1868 and 1870. On October 6, 1869, Winans was married to Lida Moore. They had three sons together–Gilbert Park, Phillip Moore, and Allan Lida. Lida died on December 4, 1876. On November 20, 1879, Winans remarried to Christine McRae. They had two surviving children together–Freeman Earl and Sarah Jean. Winans was named Sub-Indian Agent in 1870 for six tribes residing near Colville that had refused to make treaties with the federal government. He successfully argued against the directive by President Grant to give these tribes rights to lands in Stevens County on which white settlers had already established their homes. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Parkhurst Winans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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